Definitions for the Elements and Principles of Art

Note: The following definitions were based on
the California Visual and Performing Arts Framework.

Asymmetry: A balance achieved through the use of unequal parts or elements.

Balance: An equilibrium of similar, opposing, or contrasting elements that together create a unity.

Color: Visual sensation dependent on the reflection or absorption of light from a given surface ("hue," "value," and "intensity" being the primary characteristics).

Contrast: Use of opposites in close proximity (light and dark, rough and smooth).

Line: An identifiable path of a point moving in space. It can vary in width, direction, and length

Rhythm: The regular repetition of particular forms or stresses; also, the suggestion of motion.

Shape: A two-dimensional area or plane that may be organic or inorganic, free-form or geocentric, open or closed, natural or of human origin.

Symmetry: A balance in which elements are alike and will appear to demand one another as a line that falls in one direction demands a line that falls in another direction.

Texture: The surface quality of material, either actual (tactile) or visual.

Theme and Variation: Some dominant feature repeated with variations to give the work its dominant character.

Value: Light and dark; the gradations of light and dark on the surface of objects